History of the Language Sciences, Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften, Histoire des sciences du langage, Volume 3, Auroux S., 2006

History of the Language Sciences, Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften, Histoire des sciences du langage, Volume 3, Auroux S., 2006.
    
   In this Handbook the term ‘history of the language sciences’ will be used to denote the development of linguistic theories (ideas, proposals of analysis, explanations, methodological frameworks) as well as the organizational structures of their implementation, dissemination and teaching throughout the documented history of humankind. Theregular use of the term ‘linguistics’ in this Handbook should not be taken as in any way implying a strict definition of the field. In a strict sense the term might be taken to be applicable only to the modern period in which linguistics was recognized as a separate discipli ne with its own well-defined principles of research and professional organization.




The axiomatic method.
Although the axiomatic method is sensu stricto a kind of deductive method, these two terms, especially outside logic, are usually treated as synonymous. Also for the purposes of this survey, no distinction between them is necessary. By the term axiomatic method we mean a method of formulating theories as axiomatic theories. Expressing this conversely, an axiomatic theory will be each theory formulated by means of the axiomatic method. Clearly such a theory will differ in its exterior shape from any formulated in terms of other methods.

An axiomatic theory is but a kind of theory. A (scientific) theory can be conceived of as a text stating something about an intended subject matter. The latter is a certain reality, which the theory intends to describe and explain, and the image of which is the theory's domain, usually understood as a system (relational structure) comprised of objects and relations. A theory can be expressed in a natural or artificial (constructed) language, and its text consists of sentences being statements about its subject matter, that is, capable of assuming a truth-value (cf. Lieb 1974: 43). It goes without saying that theories are developed with the aim of producing true statements about the subject matter in question.

Contents.
XXXIII. Formalization Tendencies and Mathematization in 20th-Century Linguistics, Generative Grammar, and Alternative Approaches.
XXXIV. The Development of Theories of Semantics, of the Lexicon, and Semantic-Based Theories in the 20th Century.
XXXV. Phonology andMorphology in the Later 20th century.
XXXVI. The Study of Language Differenciation in the 20th Century.
XXXVII. Historical Linguistics in the Second Half of the 20th Century.
XXXVIII. Critique of Traditional Linguistics and the Development of New Approaches to Language Analysis.
XXXIX. 20th-Century Linguistics and Adjacent Fields of Study: Perspectives and Developments.
XL. History of Linguistics The Field.
XLI. Indexes / Register / Indexes.



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