The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Literature, Eldridge R., 2009

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Literature, Eldridge R., 2009.

Фрагмент из книги:
Both literature (both its production and the critical study of it) and philosophy as disciplines have often been seen (sometimes by each other) as embodying either strange fruitlessness or compelling necessity—sometimes both. As early as Plato’s Ion, literary works and their authors were cast as divinely inspired, but wayward, uninformed by craft, and useless for the serious business of life. As early as Aristophanes’ Clouds, philosophy is seen as comically pretentious and ridiculous. With the steady separation of modern science from natural philosophy since the seventeenth century, this impression of philosophy as comical has only widened.




LITERATURE AND MORALITY.
It may be thought that literature is an aid to morality in the sense that appreciative reading of literature makes one a morally better person. As plausible as this may seem, surely it is dubious. Taken as an empirical claim, it collapses immediately under the weight of anecdotal evidence. University and college departments of literature are full of people skilled and practiced in the reading of literature, and it is obvious that these people are morally no better (or worse) than other people. It is perhaps just as obvious that those philosophers who specialize in ethics also tend to be morally no better or worse than other people. (Perhaps it is true that those who spend much time reading have less time in which to do bad things, but it is then equally true, one supposes, that they have less time in which to do good things.)

Suppose it is true that reading literature at least can be morally uplifting and improving, presumably by exposing readers to human situations—their complexities and necessities—that they would otherwise not be aware of. If so, then it must also be true that reading literature can be morally degrading. If one might learn, say, from Charles Dickens’s Hard Times that unrestrained capitalism is morally vicious, then one might learn that free-market capitalism is essential to the elevation of the human spirit by reading Ayn Rand’s Fountainhead or Atlas Shrugged. If one can learn the horrors of racism and the need for tolerance by reading Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Richard Wright’s Native Son, then one can learn of the unredeemable and implacable depredations of the Jews from T. S. Eliot. If one can acquire sympathy for the plight of women in the modern world from Henrik Ibsen and Gustave Flaubert, then one can learn of women’s deep need for sexual subjugation from Pauline Réage’s The Story of O.

Contents.
Contributors.
Introduction—Philosophy and Literature as Forms of Attention..
Richard Eldridge.
Part I. Genres.
1. Epic Gregory Nagy.
2. Lyric Susan Stewart.
3. Tragedy J. M. Bernstein.
4. Comedy Timothy Gould.
5. Pastoral Mark Payne.
6. Satire R. Bracht Branham.
7. The Novel Anthony J. Cascardi.
8. Autobiography and Biography Stephen Mulhall.
9. Experimental Writing R. M. Berry.
Part II. Periods and Modes.
10. Realism Bernard Harrison.
11. Romanticism Nikolas Kompridis.
12. Idealism Toril Moi.
13. Modernism Philip Weinstein.
14. Postcolonialism Simona Bertacco.
Part III. Devices and Powers.
15. Imagination Kirk Pillow.
16. Plot Alan Singer.
17. Character Stanley Bates.
18. Style Charles Altieri.
19. Emotion, Memory, and Trauma Glenn W. Most.
Part IV. Contexts and Uses.
20. Literature and Knowledge John Gibson.
21. Literature and Morality Ted Cohen.
22. Literature and Politics Fred Rush.
Index.



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Теги: справочник по философии :: философия :: литература :: Eldridge