Corrosion and materials in the oil and gas industries, Reza Javaherdashti, Chikezie Nwaoha, Henry Tan

SUBSEA OIL AND GAS PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT UNDER AGING CONSIDERATIONS.
Corrosion, together with other mechanisms, causes material aging. Thus, integrity management under aging considerations becomes an important problem. Oil and gas operations in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS—North Sea) rely on a vast number of pipeline assets in order to bring the produced well fluids to shore or to offloading production facilities. As time moves on, more and more of these pipeline assets will reach, or in fact have already exceeded, their intended design life and may in fact have a reduction in their mechanical strength properties, in terms of wall thinning, as a direct result of corrosion. In this case, there would be an immediate need for work to be undertaken in order to demonstrate that they were fit for service in terms of technical integrity and continued safe operation.

The question has to be asked as to whether the very fact that such assets have passed their intended design life makes them obsolete. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) report 509 (Wintle et al. 2006) states, “Ageing is not about how old your equipment is; It’s about what you know about its condition, and how that’s changing over time.” This statement is further supported by the requirement that exists within the UK Legislation for operators to demonstrate the condition of their assets (Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996), “The operator shall ensure that a pipeline is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good condition throughout the life cycle and that all hazards relating to the pipeline with the potential to cause a major accident have been identified and the risks arising from those hazards have been evaluated.”

Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
SECTION I Introduction and Background
Chapter 1 Introduction
Robbie Williamson, Reza Javaherdashti, and Henry Tan
Chapter 2 High-Performance Materials and Corrosion
Adil K. Al-Tamimi
SECTION II Degradation Mechanisms
Chapter 3 High-Temperature Corrosion
Mahmood M. Barbooli
Chapter 4 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
Reza Javaherdashti
Chapter 5 Corrosion and Oxidation in Thermal Barrier Coatings
Sinem Cevik Uzgur
Chapter 6 Chloride-Induced Corrosion Durability of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites: State-of-the-Art Review
Shaikh Faiz Uddin Ahmed, Hirozo Mihashi, and Tomoya Nishiwaki
SECTION III Inspection and Maintenance
Chapter 7 Corrosion Inhibition by Surface Treatment: A Green Approach
Aiman Eid Al-Rawajfeh and Ubeidalla Al-Qawabeha
Chapter 8 Corrosion Protection of Underground Gas/Crude Pipelines
Anand Sawroop Khanna
Chapter 9 Selection of Materials for Oil and Gas Applications
Anand Sawroop Khanna
Chapter 10 Diffusion Coatings for the Oil Industry
Cesar A. C. Sequeira
Chapter 11 Material Selection in Oil and Gas Environments
Sameer Ashok Chapgaon
Chapter 12 Role of Design in Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention
Gabriele Salvago and Massimiliano Bestetti
Chapter 13 Modeling and Simulation of Pipeline Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industries
Olayide Rasaq Adetunji
Chapter 14 Corrosion Protective Coatings Based on Electroactive Polymers
Ufana Riaz and S. M. Ashraf
Chapter 15 Corrosion Inhibitors and Their Applications in the Petroleum Industry
Makanjuola Oki
Chapter 16 Cathodic Protection
Makanjuola Oki
Chapter 17 Review on Chemical Control of Corrosive Environments in the Oil and Gas Industries
Alireza Bahadori
Chapter 18 Environmental and Corrosion Control Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers in Oil and Gas Exploration
Mutiu Kolade Amosa, Ibrahim Ali Mohamnted-Dabo. and Shehu Aliyu Yaro
Chapter 19 Cathodic Protection in the Oil and Gas Industries
Ashraf M. El-Shamy
SECTION IV Risk, Integrity, and Reliability
Chapter 20 Hazard and Corrosion
Jelenka Savkovic-Stevanovic
Chapter 21 Safety and Risk Implications of Corrosion of Oil and Gas Facilities
Mark U. Ideozu
Chapter 22 Aging and Life Extension of Pressure Systems
Reza Shahrivar
Chapter 23 Management of Asset Integrity
Rajnikant.



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