Communication Across Cultures, Hatim B., 2006

Communication Across Cultures, Hatim B., 2006.
    
   Both contrastive linguistics and text linguistics are now truly in their prime; witness the conferences at Innsbruck on New Departures in Contrastive Linguistics in 1991 and at Brighton on Contrastive Semantics and Pragmatics earlier this year, or the 4-volume Handbook of Discourse Analysis edited by T.A. van Dijk (1985). However, the combination of the two perspectives (the contrastive and the textual), for which some of us have been pleading for many years (I suggested the term ‘contrastive textology’ in 1980), and whose computational implementation is now feasible, is only just beginning. A further development, the application of contrastive text linguistics to translation studies, is long overdue.
Basil Hatim’s book not only addresses all these issues and controversies, but exemplifies them through the prism of Arabic, a language that has enjoyed a long and distinguished rhetorical tradition, but not the benefit of much modern theoretical work. The author is well qualified to undertake this difficult but exciting task. Ever since the days of his Exeter PhD he has explored the relevance of contrastive discourse analysis to English-Arabic translation and demonstrated it in his practical teaching.




Foundation Disciplines.
The choices which a speaker or writer makes from among the textual resources of his or her language have been the subject of many different approaches which originated in what may generally be referred to as the field of style studies. As a result, the notion of style itself has seen a proliferation of definitions over the years. Style has become an umbrella term under which are lumped together all kinds of factors, textual and contextual. Paradoxically, the notion of register analysis, the introduction of which was intended to rid us of some of the confusion which was rife in approaches to the meaning and function of stylistic choice, has itself experienced a similar fate.

By way of clearing up the confusion, it is perhaps helpful at the outset to recognize that register analysis was initially a reaction against conceptions of language in which linguistic behaviour was seen either as a mechanical response to external stimuli or a cognitive issue to do with the psycholinguistic ability to generate well-formed sentences. The ultimate goal was to try and resolve the tension between what is basically a rhetorical-exegetical view of style, on the one hand, and on the other, those views of language which made no concession to the fact that linguistic behaviour is imbued with social meaning. In other words, for its existence, register analysis has had to rely as much on classical disciplines such as rhetoric and the study of style as on much more recent trends within linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic stylistics. It is this conciliatory role which register theory was to play that finally gave rise to the notion of language variation collectively referred to as register variation.

Contents.
Figures.
Preface.
Arabic Transliteration System Introduction.
Chapter 1 Contrastive linguistic decisions: the need for textual competence.
Chapter 2 Foundation disciplines.
Chapter 3 The myth of the single register.
Chapter 4 Argumentation across cultures.
Chapter 5 Argumentation in Arabic rhetoric.
Chapter 6 The paragraph as a unit of text structure.
Chapter 7 Background information in expository texts.
Chapter 8 At the interface between structure and texture: the textual progression of themes and rhemes.
Chapter 9 Cataphora as a textural manifestation.
Chapter 10 Degree of texture explicitness.
Chapter 11 Emotiveness in texts.
Chapter 12 Translating direct speech and the dynamics of news reporting.
Chapter 13 The pragmatics of politeness Chapter 14 Cultures in contact.
Chapter 15 The discourse of the alienated.
Chapter 16 The translation of irony: a discourse perspective.
Chapter 17 The ‘other’ texts: implications for liaison interpreting.
Glossary of Contrastive Text Linguistics and Translation Terms.
References.
Index.



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