English for biology students, Асмоловская М.В., Муртазина Э.И., Тухватуллина И.А., 2023

English for biology students, Асмоловская М.В., Муртазина Э.И., Тухватуллина И.А., 2023.

   Данное пособие предназначено для студентов 1-2 курса, обучающихся по направлению 06.03.01 Биология Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета. Пособие включает в себя тексты энциклопедического и научно-популярного характера; практические задания, направленные на развитие навыков устной и письменной речи: чтения и перевода научной и научно-популярной литературы биологической направленности, реферирования текста, ведения дискуссии, изложения презентации.




Biology in the 20th and 21st centuries.
By utilizing modem methods of investigation, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, to explore levels of cellular organization beyond that visible with a light microscope - the ultrastructure of the cell - new concepts of cellular function were produced. As a result, the study of the molecular organization of the cell had tremendous impact on biology during the 20th and 21st centuries. It also led directly to the convergence of many different scientific disciplines in order to acquire a better understanding of life processes. Technologies such as DNA sequencing and the polymerase chain reaction also were developed, allowing biologists to peer into the genetic blueprints that give rise to organisms.

First-generation sequencing technologies emerged in the 1970s and were followed several decades later by so-called next generation sequencing technologies, which were superior in speed and cost-efficiency. Next-generation sequencing
provided researchers with massive amounts of genetic data, typically gigabases in size (1 gigabase = 1,000,000,000 base pairs of DNA).

CONTENTS.
Unit 1 THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
Unit 2 BIOLOGY IN THE 20TH AND 21ST СENTURIES.
Unit 3. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING.
Unit 4. INHERITANCE.
Unit 5. CELL.
Unit 6. CELL DIVISION.
Unit 7. ACELLULAR ENTITIES (VIRUSES, PRIONS, VIROIDS).
Unit 8. BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA.
Unit 9. PROTISTS.
Unit 10. FISH.
Unit 11. AMPHIBIANS.
Unit 12. REPTILES.
Unit 13. BIRDS.
Unit 14. MAMMALS.
Unit 15. EVOLUTION THEORIES.
SUPPLEMENTARY READING.
I HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
II PALEOBIOLOGY.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY.
APPENDIX B. SCIENTIFIC ROOT WORDS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.
APPENDIX C. SIGNPOSTING LANGUAGE.
APPENDIX D. AUDIOSCRIPTS.
REFERENCES.



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Теги: учебник по биологии :: биология :: Асмоловская :: Муртазина :: Тухватуллина